I was running into a similar issue where Azure just couldn’t access my orchestrator’s URL, so I followed this guide on the forum (Implement CICD Pipeline for Uipath Project Using Azure DevOps Pipelines) and solved the issue.
The only unfortunate factor is that the change I made was switching from External Application (OAuth) to Token-Based. I’ll be submitting a ticket with UiPath to see about being able to use the External Application method in the future.