There are two things I love about Blue Prism.
- Ability to modify queue item data whenever there is a need for it, be it troubleshooting or debugging
- Process logs which can trace easily where the exception occurred
Your question relates to Point 1. Sadly, as many have pointed out already, you cannot change the item when the item is picked from the queue i.e., the item is in-progress in UiPath 
To achieve what you want simply set a max retry value when you created a queue. That retry number is automatically ingested in each transaction item and considered by the Process Transaction state in the REFramework. The item will only be tried n times as you set in the queue. REMEMBER: This value will be overwritten by the MaxRetryNumber in the config.xlsx file, so it is very important you set the value to 0 in your config.xlsx file.
In short, the sharp end i.e., MaxRetryNumber in your project config.xlsx takes priority over the Max Retry setting of the queue.
There is a way
In addition, Yes there is a way to copy the Specific Content from an item, but once you manipulate it, you will have to reupload the Dictionary(String,Object) back to queue, which essentially means you will end up adding a new item and not editing the original item. We have done this when we had to ingest queue items and add some specific content and re-dispatch new updated items to the same queue.