Unfortunately the Javascript flavor of regex does not support inline modifiers. In other flavors of regex you can use (?i) to ignore case.
A workaround is to edit the json string and add a custom validation:
{
"label": "Test",
"tableView": true,
"validate": {
"custom": "valid = (/^.*\\.pdf$/i.exec(input) === null) ? 'Wrong format!' : true;"
},
"key": "test",
"type": "textfield",
"input": true
}